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Introduction to Pharmaceutical Marketing and Distribution The marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical products play a crucial role in ensuring their availability to patients while navigating the regulatory landscape and ethical... read more

Introduction to Pharmaceutical Manufacturing After successful completion of clinical trials, pharmaceutical products transition from limited production for testing to large-scale production for consumer markets. This phase is crucial as it... read more

Overview: Research and Development (R&D) serves as the foundation of the pharmaceutical industry, blending scientific exploration with economic strategy. A comprehensive grasp of the economic forces driving R&D provides valuable insights... read more

Abstract The pharmaceutical industry plays a vital role in global healthcare, encompassing various stages such as research, development, testing, production, and distribution of medicinal products. This article provides an economist's perspective ... read more

The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) plays a crucial role within the U.S. Department of the Treasury, acting as a vital authority responsible for enforcing economic and trade sanctions aligned with U.S. foreign policy objectives and... read more

The Islamic Republic of Iran has been a significant focal point in global geopolitics and international diplomacy for several decades. At the heart of Iran's narrative lies a complex network of sanctions imposed by various international actors,... read more

In the realm of international diplomacy, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) has maintained a consistent position of focus for several decades. With concerns ranging from nuclear ambitions to human rights violations, North... read more

In the intricate world of international sanctions, one area that raises significant concern is the inadvertent hindrance to the flow of humanitarian goods. Although sanctions typically exempt essential items like food and medicine, challenges in... read more

In the domain of international geopolitics, economic sanctions have emerged as powerful non-military tools to address and influence states' behaviors. The Russian sanctions implemented by the United States, guided by the Office of Foreign Assets... read more

Introduction: This comprehensive review delves into the foreign policy choices and military engagements of Western nations and Israel, spanning the latter half of the 20th century to the present. By analyzing these events in the context of UN... read more